What is the role of the adrenal glands in the body?

The adrenal glands play a crucial role in the body primarily through the production of hormones, including adrenaline (also known as epinephrine). These hormones are vital for the body's response to stress and help regulate a variety of functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. When the body encounters a stressful situation, the adrenal glands release adrenaline into the bloodstream, which leads to the "fight or flight" response. This process prepares the body to either confront or flee from perceived threats.

While the adrenal glands do influence metabolism indirectly through hormone regulation, specifically through hormones like cortisol and aldosterone, the most direct and well-known role associated with the adrenal glands is the production of adrenaline. This hormone's rapid action in response to stress is what makes the role of the adrenal glands particularly significant in emergency situations.