How does sterilization differ from disinfection?

Sterilization and disinfection are two distinct processes used in infection control and the management of microorganisms. The correct answer highlights that sterilization is a process that completely eradicates all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. In contrast, disinfection is aimed at reducing the number of viable microorganisms on a surface or object but does not eliminate all of them; it typically targets pathogenic microorganisms that can cause disease.

This distinction is fundamental in veterinary practice and other health care settings. For instance, sterilization is essential for surgical instruments to ensure that they do not introduce any pathogens into a sterile environment. On the other hand, disinfection is commonly used for surfaces and equipment that may not require complete sterility, allowing for a practical approach to reducing the risk of infection.

The other options do not accurately depict the differences between the two processes. Stating that both processes are the same is misleading, as they serve different purposes with different levels of efficacy. Claiming that disinfection is more effective than sterilization is incorrect, as sterilization is the more thorough process. Finally, suggesting that sterilization is only for living tissues overlooks its application in various inanimate objects, particularly in medical and surgical settings.